I'd assume a few more editors with similar features could work the same :/

Might I suggest a
TreeView, sir? It would make this form
much less confusing. Also, it'd be rather easy to transition, since most languages support boolean values for the individual nodes. TreeViews, while not perfect, can also be keyboard-navigable. You could even add logic to (de)select child nodes when the parent nodes are (de)selected. This would result in far less clicks if they don't need to clear everything. Finally, adding nodes to a Treeview is generally less involved than scoping out a new area for a checkbox and text. The whole thing scrolls vertically and is hierarchical, after all.
Not trying to rag on you here. I just think it better suits your particular application and is easier on the eyes.