I belive that Famicom Disk System games use that techniqe using CHRRAM.
Also, MMC5 has a similar feature using the same amount of CHRRAM that FDS has, but was never really used in any games. Disch's Doki Doki Panic hack uses MMC5 with all the CHR RAM there is availible.
I'm not sure I follow you. How is using chr-ram(pattern table vram) related to self modifying code?