--Weapons:--
Messing around with the FF4 Advance ROM (US version), I managed to locate some of the offsets for each weapon in the game, though I'm not entirely clear on what each byte does. Here's how it works:
The data begins at the offset E5A1C, with the first weapon being the FireClaw. Here's the data:
00 00 50 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 04
Byte 1: 00: Battle power of weapon
Byte 2: 00: Unknown
Byte 3: 50: Accuracy bonus when equipped. *
Byte 4: 00: Unknown
Byte 5: 00: Unknown
Byte 6: 00: Strength Bonus**
Byte 7: 00: Agility Bonus**
Byte 8: 00: Stamina Bonus**
Byte 9: 00: Intellect Bonus**
Byte 10: 00: Spirit Bonus**
Byte 11 and 12: Who can equip modifier***
* = For accuracy, The hex value 32 (50 in decimal) doesn't change accuracy. Anything below it will lower accuracy by the difference between the two, so a hex value of 00, for example, will lower accuracy by 50, and a hex value of 10 will lower it by 30.
** = Adds anything that's 79 and below, but everything 80 and above is negative.
Here are the values for the Who can Equip Modifier:
Byte 11:
01 - Dark Knight Cecil
02 - Kain
04 - Rosa
08 - Rydia
10 - Cid
20 - Tellah
40 - Edward
80 - Yang
Byte 12:
01 - Palom
02 - Porom
04 - Edge
08 - FuSoYa
10 - Paladin Cecil
Basically, you take the sum of these hexadecimals. So if you want Rydia and Yang to be able to equip something, you would put 88, because 08 + 80 = 88.
It seems that all of the data for the rest of the items is included, but the bytes that decide whether what is equipped is a weapon/shield/helmet is not included here, nor is what spell is cast when the item is used in battle. Sell price and sort order are also not included.
The order for the data follows the list given for Codebreaker codes. Look under the Equipment List in this FAQ: http://www.gamefaqs.com/portable/gbadvance/file/929937/41243 .
Any input would be greatly appreciated.
Edit #1: --Armors--:
For shields, helmets, armors, and gauntlets:
Byte 1: Defense bonus; total cannot exceed 255
Byte 2: Unknown
Byte 3: Evasion bonus; accepts values greater than 99%
Byte 4: Magic Defense bonus; total cannot exceed 255
Byte 5: Magic Evasion bonus; accepts values greater than 99%
Byte 6-12: Work exactly the same as weapons; see above.
Another note: The data that I've located does not include unequippable items. After the Cursed Ring, it skips directly to the Hands of the Gods. I have yet to locate item data.
Edit #2: --Level-Up Stats:--
Dark Knight Cecil: E7838-E8367
Kain: E7DD8-E8367
Child Rydia: E8378-E89A7
Tella: E89A8-E8EA7
Edward: EDEA8-E9497
Rosa: E9499-E9A27
Yang: E9A28-E9FD7
Palom (B.M.): E9FD8-EA577
Porom (W.M.): EA578-EAB17
Paladin Cecil: EAB18-EB147
Cid: EB149-EB647
Edge: EB649-EBAF7
FuSoYa: EBAF9-EBE17
There are 16 bytes for each level-up. Here's what each determines:
Bytes 1-3: Experience needed to achieve that level; 00 means it's for level 1
Byte 4: Seems to be 00 for every character
Byte 5: Strength for that level
Byte 6: Agility for that level
Byte 7: Stamina for that level
Byte 8: Intellect for that level
Byte 9: Spirit for that level
Byte 10-12: Unknown
Byte 13-14: Range of HP growth for that level
Byte 15-16: Range of MP growth for that level