Say I wanted to translate an SNES game, but had no idea what to do? Where should I look?
The "getting started" section.
My goal is to basically gain enough knowledge to be able to figure out how to decompress the text of an SNES game,
...That word again. The world is compressed! Click
here to decompress it!
and reinsert it, and I'm not sure if I actually need to know ASM to do it.
Yes and no. You don't necessarily need to know it if you find a game that has few strings and doesn't go beyond the bounds of one bank. However, knowing where and how that text is loaded would require knowledge.
Think of it like this "What do I need to know in order to sucessfully modify the text of an SNES game".
This vastly depends on the game. If it has a pre-existing editor, use that. If it doesn't, you'll probably need to do a lot of manual pointer tweaking.